Does Google penalize websites with no backlinks?
No, Google does not penalize websites with no backlinks. However, it can be difficult to rank highly in search engines if you don't have backlinks.
Websites with no backlinks are likely to be less popular in the eyes of Google algorithm signals. Have a look at these Google Guidelines.
If you want your website to rank highly in search engines, it's best to build backlinks from high-quality websites. These are links from other websites that are highly relevant and authoritative.
They give your site the boost it needs to rank higher in search results [by passing link equity or link juice]. Google generally penalizes those websites that practice Black Hat SEO techniques.
Here's related information that you may find helpful - Type of Backlinks Google Ignore
P.S:
You are currently on the Digital Marketing Forum page; for more information on various topics that may be helpful, please visit Blog Posts (button below) and [share any content post you love] with your network.
[Create unique and quality content [faster, and easier] using this AI-powered tool]
[Want to grow & stay ahead of your competitors? - use these e-Newsletters to your advantage!]
[If you have any specific questions in mind, please drop me a line, and I will answer through a post at the earliest possible time.] Check this forum frequently for fresh posts.